EVIDENCE Rule 202. Judicial Notice in Proceedings Subsequent to Trial

 EVIDENCE Rule 202.  Judicial Notice in Proceedings Subsequent to Trial

   (a)   Subsequent proceedings. --The failure or refusal of the judge to take judicial notice of a matter or to instruct the trier of the fact with respect to it shall not preclude the judge from taking judicial notice of the matter in subsequent proceedings in the action.

   (b)   On appeal. --The reviewing court in its discretion may take judicial notice of any matter specified in Rule 201, whether or not judicially noticed by the judge.

   (c)   Opportunity to be heard. --A judge or a reviewing court taking judicial notice under paragraph (a) or (b) of this rule of a matter not previously noticed in the action may afford the parties the opportunity to present information relevant to the propriety of taking such judicial notice and to the tenor of the matter to be noticed.

EVIDENCE RULE 201. Judicial Notice of Law and Adjudicative Facts

EVIDENCE RULE 201. Judicial Notice of Law and Adjudicative Facts

   (a)   Notice of law. --Law which may be judicially noticed includes the decisional, constitutional and public statutory law, rules of court, and private legislative acts and resolutions of the United States, this state, and every other state, territory and jurisdiction of the United States as well as ordinances, regulations and determinations of all governmental subdivisions and agencies thereof. Judicial notice may also be taken of the law of foreign countries.

   (b)   Notice of facts. --Facts which may be judicially noticed include:
      (1) such specific facts and propositions of generalized knowledge as are so universally known that they cannot reasonably be the subject of dispute,
      (2) such facts as are so generally known or are of such common notoriety within the area pertinent to the event that they cannot reasonably be the subject of dispute,
      (3) specific facts and propositions of generalized knowledge which are capable of immediate determination by resort to sources whose accuracy cannot reasonably be questioned, and
      (4) records of the court in which the action is pending and of any other court of this state or federal court sitting for this state.

   (c)   When discretionary. --A court may take judicial notice whether requested or not.

   (d)   When mandatory. --A court shall take judicial notice if requested by a party on notice to all other parties and if supplied with the necessary information.

   (e)   Opportunity to be heard. --Each party is entitled upon timely request to an opportunity to be heard as to the propriety of taking judicial notice and the tenor of the matter noticed. In the absence of prior notification, the request may be made after judicial notice has been taken.

   (f)   How taken. --In determining the propriety of taking judicial notice of a matter or the tenor thereof, any source of relevant information may be consulted or used, whether or not furnished by a party, and the rules of evidence shall not apply except Rule 403 or a valid claim of privilege.

   (g)   Instructing the jury. --In a civil action or proceeding, the judge shall instruct the jury to accept as conclusive any fact judicially noticed. In a criminal case, the judge shall instruct the jury that it may, but is not required to, accept as established any fact which has been judicially noticed.

EVIDENCE RULE 106. REMAINER OF OR RELATED WRITINGS OR RECORDED STATEMENTS

EVIDENCE RULE 106. REMAINER OF OR RELATED WRITINGS OR RECORDED STATEMENTS

  When a writing or recorded statement or part thereof is introduced by a party, an adverse party may require the introduction at that time of any other part or any other writing or recorded statement which in fairness ought to be considered contemporaneously.

EVIDENCE RULE 105. LIMITED ADMISSIBILITY

EVIDENCE RULE 105. LIMITED ADMISSIBILITY

  When evidence is admitted as to one party or for one purpose but is not admissible as to another party or for another purpose, the judge, upon request, shall restrict the evidence to its proper scope and shall instruct the jury accordingly, but may permit a party to waive a limiting instruction.

EVIDENCE RULE 104. PRELIMINARY QUESTIONS

EVIDENCE RULE 104. PRELIMINARY QUESTIONS

   (a)  Questions of admissibility generally. --When the qualification of a person to be a witness, or the admissibility of evidence, or the existence of a privilege is subject to a condition, and the fulfillment of the condition is in issue, that issue is to be determined by the judge. In making that determination the judge shall not apply the rules of evidence except for Rule 403 or a valid claim of privilege. The judge may hear and determine such matters out of the presence or hearing of the jury.

   (b)   Relevance conditioned on fact. --Where evidence is otherwise admissible if relevant and its relevance is subject to a condition, the judge shall admit it upon or subject to the introduction of sufficient evidence to support a finding of the condition. In such cases the judge shall instruct the jury to consider the issue of the fulfillment of the condition and to disregard the evidence if it finds that the condition was not fulfilled. The jury shall be instructed to disregard the evidence if the judge subsequently determines that a jury could not reasonably find that the condition was fulfilled.

   (c)   Preliminary hearing on admissibility of defendant's statements. --Where by virtue of any rule of law a judge is required in a criminal action to make a preliminary determination as to the admissibility of a statement by the defendant, the judge shall hear and determine the question of its admissibility out of the presence of the jury. In such a hearing the rules of evidence shall apply and the burden of persuasion as to the admissibility of the statement is on the prosecution. If the judge admits the statement the jury shall not be informed of the finding that the statement is admissible but shall be instructed to disregard the statement if it finds that it is not credible. If the judge subsequently determines from all of the evidence that the statement is not admissible, the judge shall take appropriate action.

   (d)   Testimony by accused. --By testifying upon a preliminary matter, the accused does not become subject to cross-examination as to other issues in the case.

   (e)   Weight and credibility. --This rule does not limit the right of a party to introduce before the jury evidence relevant to weight or credibility.

EVIDENCE RULE 102. PURPOSE AND CONSTRUCTION

EVIDENCE RULE 102. PURPOSE AND CONSTRUCTION

     These rules shall be construed to secure fairness in administration and elimination of unjustified expense and delay. The adoption of these rules shall not bar the growth and development of the law of evidence to the end that the truth may be ascertained and proceedings justly determined.

EVIDENCE RULE 101. SCOPE; DEFINITIONS

EVIDENCE RULE 101. SCOPE; DEFINITIONS

        (a)   Applicability; exceptions.
   (1)   Privileges. --The provisions of Rule 500 (privileges) shall apply, without relaxation, to all proceedings and inquiries, whether formal, informal, public or private, and to all branches and agencies of government.

   (2)   Court proceedings; relaxation. --These rules of evidence shall apply in all proceedings, civil or criminal, conducted by or under the supervision of a court. Except as provided by paragraph (a)(1) of this rule, these rules may be relaxed in the following instances to admit relevant and trustworthy evidence in the interest of justice:

      (A) actions within the cognizance of the Small Claims Section of the Special Civil Part of the Superior Court, Law Division, and the Small Claims Division of the Tax Court whether or not the action was instituted in a Small Claims Section or Division.

      (B) in accordance with a statutory provision;

      (C) proceedings in a criminal or juvenile delinquency action in which information is presented for the court's use in exercising a sentencing or other dispositional discretion, including bail and pretrial intervention and other diversionary proceedings;

      (D) to the extent permitted by law, proceedings to establish probable cause, including grand jury proceedings, probable cause hearings, and ex parte applications;

      (E) proceedings to determine the admissibility of evidence under these rules or other law.

   (3)   Administrative proceedings. --Except as otherwise provided by paragraph (a)(1) of this rule, proceedings before administrative agencies shall not be governed by these rules.

   (4)   Undisputed facts. --If there is no bona fide dispute between the parties as to a relevant fact, the judge may permit that fact to be established by stipulation or binding admission. In civil proceedings the judge may also permit that fact to be proved by any relevant evidence, and exclusionary rules shall not apply, except Rule 403 or a valid claim of privilege.

   (5)   Affidavit in lieu of testimony. --These rules shall not be construed to prohibit the use of an affidavit in lieu of oral testimony to the extent permitted by law.

    (b)    Definitions. --As used in these rules, the following terms shall have the meaning hereafter set forth unless the context otherwise indicates:

   (1) "Burden of persuasion" means the obligation of a party to meet the requirements of a rule of law that the fact be proved either by a preponderance of the evidence or by clear and convincing evidence or beyond a reasonable doubt, as the case may be.

   (2) "Burden of producing evidence" means the obligation of a party to introduce evidence when necessary to avoid the risk of a judgment or peremptory finding against that party on an issue of fact.

   (3) "Writing" has the meaning given in the definition contained in Rule 801(e).

     (c)   Repeal.--The adoption of these rules of evidence shall not operate to repeal any existing statute by implication. However, where an existing statute has been expressly superseded pursuant to N.J.S.A. 2A:84A-40 by an official note heretofore or hereafter appended to a rule of evidence, such statute shall have no further force or effect.